Men's violence against women, violence in close relationships and honor-related violence and oppression are serious societal and public health problems that cause great suffering for those exposed and must be combated in several different ways. The national strategy for preventing and combating men's violence against women involves a long-term and comprehensive effort to combat honor-related violence and oppression. All adults who work with children and young people must pay attention to signs of violence. It can mean identifying girls who are subjected to violence or oppression but also to discover the boys and men who need help to stop practicing violence or oppression.
Risk factors are characteristics, events, conditions or processes that increase the likelihood or risk of a certain outcome – in this case honor-related violence and oppression. Protective factors are characteristics, events, conditions, or processes that reduce the likelihood or risk of a particular outcome—in this case, honor-related violence and oppression. Risk and resource factors have a cumulative effect, that is, one risk factor increases the risk of further risk factors and so on, and the same applies to protective factors. In addition, the risk of, for example, norm-breaking behavior is greater the more risk factors that occur in relation to the number of protective factors (and vice versa).
Ommej identifies risk and protection factors in various forms of honor-related violence and oppression both for victims and perpetrators, and if you know someone else in your circle who is exposed to the following:
Parenting strategies such as guilt, shame, being ignored, being locked up, not being fed, etc.
Restrictions (restricted or restricted) in everyday life concerning clothing, socializing and freedom of movement to limitations in school and leisure activities. Absence of adult support persons outside the family.
School not attending all lessons, truancy, increased absenteeism. Offensive behaviour, concentration difficulties, friend relationships.
Control (being controlled and/or being an exerciser of control) by mobile, computer and social media, choice of friends, boyfriend, girlfriend, siblings, sexual contacts and other socializing, appearance, dress participation in religious holidays, leisure activities and social contexts. Increased responsibility for housework, hiding/concealing sexual orientation or gender identity, not being accepted for one's sexual orientation or gender identity. Risk of divorce or knowing that someone else risks or is exposed to the above, if you keep secrets, experience of security in the family.
Psychiatric and somatic diagnoses and symptoms, Depression, suicidal thoughts, stress, anxiety, sleep, headache, stomach ache, nausea, etc.
Violence, (expose or are exposed) to physical, psychological, financial, latent or digital violence, afraid to die.
Violations of law, various criminal acts and age of onset, contact with the police and women's views.
- If there is a risk, these are followed by frequency linked to all of the above.
- If there is a risk, these are followed by asking if the child/youth experiences anxiety and/or wishes for help connected to all of the above.
References
Multi-vulnerable children – about children exposed to several types of child abuse. Carolina Jernbro and Åsa Landberg. Allmänna Barnhuset foundation. 2020
Honor ran in the family, but we weren't extreme about it, Interview study with correctional clients with honor-related violent crime. Correctional Service. 2020
Dare to make a difference, a guide to protection, support and rehabilitation of young people who have been subjected to honor-related violence and oppression and/or who are at risk of being married against their will or who have been married against their will. Östergötland County Administrative Board. 2010
Assessment of honour-related violence and oppression as well as violence in close relationships. Support for social services and health care. The National Board of Health and Welfare. 2021
Meeting children who may be exposed to honor-related violence and oppression . For those of you who work in healthcare. The National Board of Health and Welfare. 2021
School Board, Honor-related violence and oppression, The school's responsibilities and opportunities. 2021
Save the children, report. Everything I can't do - young people about honor-related violence and oppression. 2021
The Equality Authority, report. Preventive work against honor-related violence and oppression, Targeted at boys and young men in Sweden - evaluation research and practice. 2021
